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Photo of large crack along a basement cinderblock wall.

A Guide to Foundation Cracks: Serious vs. Normal

Your home’s foundation is its bedrock, ensuring stability and safety. Over time, it’s common for foundation cracks to appear, but not all cracks are created equal. Some are harmless, while others signal significant structural concerns. Understanding the difference is crucial for every homeowner.​

Identifying Different Types of Foundation Cracks

Recognizing the type and severity of foundation cracks can help determine the necessary course of action:

Photo of a hand pointing at a crack along a ceiling.

1. Vertical Cracks

  • Characteristics: Run straight up and down or slightly diagonal within 30 degrees of vertical.​
  • Causes: Often due to the concrete curing process or minor settling.​
  • Assessment: Hairline vertical cracks are generally not a concern. However, if they widen over time or are broader at the top than the bottom, it could indicate ongoing settlement issues. Regular monitoring is advisable.​

Photo of a wall with a crack under a window as a result of foundation problem.

2. Horizontal Cracks

  • Characteristics: Extend sideways along the foundation wall.​
  • Causes: Result from soil pressure, water buildup, or frost heave exerting force on the foundation walls.​
  • Assessment: These cracks are more alarming, as they can lead to bowing or bulging walls, suggesting potential structural failure. Immediate professional evaluation is recommended.

3. Diagonal Cracks

  • Characteristics: Angle between 30 to 75 degrees from vertical, often appearing near window corners or basement walls.​
  • Causes: Differential settling, where one part of the foundation settles faster than another, or expansive soil pressure.​
  • Assessment: These cracks warrant attention, especially if they increase in length or width. If multiple diagonal cracks appear on the same wall, consult a foundation repair specialist promptly.

Photo of red bricks separating as a result of a foundation issue.

4. Stair-Step Cracks in Block Walls

  • Characteristics: Follow the mortar joints in a step-like pattern.​
  • Causes: Often due to foundation settling or lateral pressure from expansive soils.
  • Assessment: While some minor stair-step cracks can be benign, larger or widening cracks may indicate significant movement. Stabilizing the foundation with wall anchors or piers might be necessary.

When to Seek Professional Help

While minor hairline cracks are common and can be monitored, certain signs necessitate immediate professional intervention:​

  • Water Infiltration: Any crack allowing moisture into your basement can lead to mold growth and further deterioration.​
  • Crack Widening: Noticeable expansion of cracks over time indicates ongoing movement.​
  • Bowing Walls: Walls that curve inward suggest severe structural stress.​
  • Multiple Cracks: Several cracks appearing simultaneously may point to systemic issues.​

Preventative Measures

To minimize the risk of problematic foundation cracks:​

  • Maintain Proper Drainage: Ensure gutters and downspouts direct water away from the foundation.
  • Manage Landscaping: Plant trees and shrubs at appropriate distances to prevent root interference and soil moisture imbalance.​
  • Monitor Soil Moisture: During dry periods, keep the soil around your foundation adequately moist to prevent shrinkage.​
  • Regular Inspections: Periodically inspect your foundation for new or expanding cracks.​

Trust Dry Basement® Foundation Repair

At Dry Basement®, we specialize in assessing and repairing foundation issues to keep your home safe and stable. Serving Kansas City, Des Moines, Wichita, and Columbia, our team is ready to address any foundation concerns you may have.​

Contact us today for a comprehensive evaluation and personalized solutions.

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